1. At the moment the heart contracts, and when the breast is
struck, when in short the organ is in its state of systole, the
arteries are dilated, yield a pulse, and are in the state of
diastole. In like manner, when the right ventricle contracts and
propels its charge of blood, the pulmonary artery is distended at
the same time with the other arteries of the body.
Pure, crystallized, neutral tartrate of lime. .. 100 grammes
Phosphate of ammonia. … . … . .. … . … 1 grammes
Phosphate of magnesium. … . … . … . … .. 1 grammes
Phosphate of potassium. … . … . … . .. 0.5 grammes
Sulphate of ammonia. … . … . … . … .. 0.5 grammes
(1 gramme = 15.43 grains)
Metz, which was the day after Christmas Day, to the great content
of those within the walls, and the praise of the princes,
seigneurs, captains, and soldiers, who had endured the travail of
this siege for more than two months
That is how our dear and well-beloved Imperials went away from
Metz, which was the day after Christmas Day, to the great content
of those within the walls, and the praise of the princes,
seigneurs, captains, and soldiers, who had endured the travail of
this siege for more than two months. Nevertheless, they did not
all go: there wanted more than twenty thousand of them, who were
dead, from our artillery and the fighting, or from plague, cold,
and starvation (and from spite and rage that they could not get
into the town to cut our throats and plunder us): and many of
their horses also died, the greater part whereof they had eaten
instead of beef and bacon. We went where their camp had been,
where we found many dead bodies not yet buried, and the earth all
worked up, as one sees in the Cemetery of the Holy Innocents
during some time of many deaths. In their tents, pavilions, and
lodgings were many sick people. Also cannon-shot, weapons, carts,
waggons, and other baggage, with a great quantity of soldier”s
bread, spoiled and rotted by the snows and rains (yet the
soldiers had it but by weight and measure). Also they left a good
store of wood, all that remained of the houses they had
demolished and broken down in the villages for two or three
leagues around; also many other pleasure-houses, that had
belonged to our citizens, with gardens and fine orchards full of
diverse fruit-trees. And without all this, they would have been
benumbed and dead of the cold, and forced to raise the siege
sooner than they did.
[Footnote: Encyc
The names of Gordon, John Clarke, Denman, Burns, Young,
[Footnote: Encyc. Britannica, xiii, 467, art., ‘Medicine.’]
Hamilton,[Footnote: Outlines of Midwifery, p. 109.] Haighton,
[Footnote: Oral Lectures, etc.] Good, [Footnote: Study of
Medicine, ii, 195.] Waller, [Footnote: Medical and Physical
Journal, July, 1830.] Blundell, Gooch, Ramsbotham, Douglas,
[Footnote: Dublin Hospital Reports for 1822.] Lee, Ingleby,
Locock, [Footnote: Library of Practical Medicine, I. 373],
Abercrombie [Footnote: Researches on Diseases of the Stomach,
etc. p. 1841], Alison [Footnote: Library of Practical Medicine,
i, 95.], Travers, [Footnote: Further Researches on Constitutional
Irritation, p. 128], Rigby, and Watson [Footnote: London Medical
Gazette, February, 1842] many of whose writings I have already
referred to, may have some influence with those who prefer the
weight of authorities to the simple deductions of their own
reason from the facts aid before them. A few Continental writers
have adopted similar conclusions [Footnote: See British and
Foreign Medical Review, vol. iil, p. 525, and vol. iv, p. 517.
Also Ed. Med. and Surg. Journal for July 1824, and American
Journal of Med. Sciences for January, 1841.] It gives me pleasure
to remember that, while the doctrine has been unceremoniously
discredited in one of the leading journals [Footnote: PIsid. Med.
Journal, vol. xii, p. 364], and made very light of by teachers in
two of the principal medical schools of this country, Dr.
Channing has for many years inculcated, and enforced by examples,
the danger to be apprehended and the precautions to be taken in
the disease under consideration.
can have no hesitation in concluding that, on the one hand, in
cases of butyric fermentation, the vibrios which abound in them
and constitute their ferment, live without air or free oxygen;
and that, on the other hand, the presence of gaseous oxygen
operates prejudicially against the movements and activity of
those vibrios
From a consideration of all the facts detailed in this section we
can have no hesitation in concluding that, on the one hand, in
cases of butyric fermentation, the vibrios which abound in them
and constitute their ferment, live without air or free oxygen;
and that, on the other hand, the presence of gaseous oxygen
operates prejudicially against the movements and activity of
those vibrios. But how does it follow that the presence of minute
quantities of air brought into contact with a liquid undergoing
butyric fermention would prevent the continuance of that
fermentation or even exercise any check upon it? We have not made
any direct experiments upon this subject; but we should not be
surprised to find that, so far from hindering, air may, under
such circumstances, facilitate the propagation of the vibrios and
accelerate fermentation. This is exactly what happens in the case
of yeast. But how could we reconcile this, supposing it were
proved to be the case, with the fact just insisted on as to the
danger of bringing the butyric vibrios into contact with air? It
may be possible that LIFE WITHOUT AIR results from habit, whilst
DEATH THROUGH AIR may be brought about by a sudden change in the
conditions of the existence of the vibrios. The following
remarkable experiment is well-known: A bird is placed in a glass
jar of one or two litres (60 to 120 cubic inches) in capacity
which is then closed. After a time the creature shows every sign
of intense uneasiness and asphyxia long before it dies; a similar
bird of the same size is introduced into the jar; the death of
the latter takes place instanteously, whilst the life of the
former may still be prolonged under these conditions for a
considerable time, and there is no, difficulty even in restoring
the bird to perfect health by taking it out of the jar. It seems
impossible to deny that we have here a case of the adaptation of
an organism to the gradual contamination of the medium; and so it
may likewise happen that the anaerobian vibrios of a butyric
fermentation, which develop and multiply absolutely without free
oxygen, perish immediately when suddenly taken out of their
airless medium, and that the result might be different if they
had been gradually brought under the action of air in small
quantities at a time.
partly because they are the first I have met with in American
medical literature, but more especially because they serve to
remind us that behind the fearful array of published facts there
lies a dark list of similar events, unwritten in the records of
science, but long remembered by many a desolated fireside
I mention these little hints about the occurrence of such cases
partly because they are the first I have met with in American
medical literature, but more especially because they serve to
remind us that behind the fearful array of published facts there
lies a dark list of similar events, unwritten in the records of
science, but long remembered by many a desolated fireside.
3. And when we observe that the passages and vessels are
severally in relation to one another in point of size, viz., the
pulmonary artery to the pulmonary veins; why should the one be
destined to a private purpose, that of furnishing the lungs, the
other to a public function?
Having been requested by my friend, Mr. Henry Hicks, of
Eastington, in this county, to inoculate two of his children, and
at the same time some of his servants and the people employed in
his manufactory, matter was taken from the arm of this boy for
the purpose. The numbers inoculated were eighteen. They all took
the infection, and either on the fifth or sixth day a vesicle was
perceptible on the punctured part. Some of them began to feel a
little unwell on the eighth day, but the greater number on the
ninth. Their illness, as in the former cases described, was of
short duration, and not sufficient to interrupt, but at very
short intervals, the children from their amusements, or the
servants and manufacturers from following their ordinary
business.
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footing I have always gone: and sure there is no man so touchy
not to take in good part what I have said
I have published this Apologia, that all men may know on what
footing I have always gone: and sure there is no man so touchy
not to take in good part what I have said. For I have but told
the truth; and the purport of my discourse is plain for all men
to see, and the facts themselves are my guarantee against all
calumnies.